Science calculator

Double-slit interference.

Find an interference maximum angle or the spacing of neighbouring fringes on a distant screen. Enter all but one value.

Maximum angle θSolved
bright-fringe geometry
Path difference d sin θ
nλ=dsin(θ)ΔyλLd

Assumptions

  • Two coherent sources with the same wavelength and a stable phase relationship.
  • Slit separation d is centre to centre; slit width is small enough that its diffraction envelope does not remove the fringe of interest.
  • The exact maximum condition uses integer order n and angle measured from the central axis.
  • The screen-spacing equation additionally uses the small-angle, distant-screen approximation: d and |y| are small compared with L.

How it works

A bright fringe occurs when the path difference from the two slits is a whole number of wavelengths. The central maximum is order zero.

On a distant screen at small angles, sin θ and tan θ are both approximately θ. This turns the exact angular condition into an almost uniform linear fringe spacing.

Choose the exact angle or approximate screen relationship and leave one field blank. A solved non-integer order does not correspond to a bright maximum.