Ans

Science calculators

Clear answers, with the assumptions in view.

Science and maths calculators for school, university and engineering work, plus focused optics, chemistry and computing tools. Every equation states its assumptions and keeps units visible.

Ans Science36free calculators

Optics

Laser beams

Gaussian-beam propagation, focusing and measured beam quality.

Gaussian opticsGaussian beam waistBeam radius, Rayleigh range, curvature and divergence. Gaussian opticsFocused spot sizeFocused waist from beam radius, wavelength, focal length and M². Gaussian opticsBeam divergenceM²-aware far-field half-angle and full cone. Gaussian opticsRayleigh rangeRayleigh distance and confocal parameter from waist and wavelength. Laser measurementBeam quality M²Compare measured divergence with the diffraction-limited beam.

Geometrical optics

Lenses & refraction

Image formation, refracting surfaces, acceptance angles and signed lens conventions.

Lens designLensmaker's equationFocal length from refractive index and signed surface radii. Image formationThin-lens imagingConjugate distances, orientation and target magnification. RefractionSnell's law & critical angleRefraction at an interface and the onset of total internal reflection. Collection & couplingNumerical apertureAcceptance angle, refractive index and paraxial f-number.

Physical optics

Diffraction & interference

Airy limits, two-source interference and diffraction from crystal planes.

Imaging limitDiffraction-limited spotAiry first-dark-ring diameter and radius from wavelength and f-number. InterferenceDouble-slit interferenceBright-fringe angles and distant-screen fringe spacing. DiffractionBragg's lawCrystal-plane spacing, wavelength, order and diffraction angle.

Mechanics

Motion, forces & gravitation

Kinematics, dynamics, equilibrium and motion in a gravitational field.

KinematicsSUVAT calculatorEnter any three constant-acceleration quantities and solve the other two. KinematicsProjectile motionLevel-ground range, maximum height and flight time. ForcesNewton's second lawForce, mass or acceleration from F = ma. DynamicsMomentum & impulseMomentum, force–time impulse and change in momentum. StaticsMomentsSingle moments and balance about a pivot. GravitationEscape & orbital speedNewtonian escape speed, circular orbit and field strength.

Matter & energy

Energy, materials & thermal physics

Energy transfer, properties of matter, fluids, heating and elastic behaviour.

EnergyEnergy, work & powerKinetic and gravitational energy, work done and average power. Properties of matterDensity, mass & volumeBlank-to-solve density with common mass and volume units. Fluids & forcesPressureForce per area and hydrostatic gauge pressure. Thermal physicsSpecific & latent heatHeating energy, temperature change and phase-change energy. MaterialsHooke's lawForce–extension and elastic potential energy.

Electricity

Electricity & circuits

Voltage, current, resistance, power, transformers and capacitors.

CircuitsOhm's law & powerVoltage, current, resistance and electrical power. CircuitsSeries & parallel resistanceEquivalent resistance for two to eight ideal resistors. ElectromagnetismTransformer ratiosVoltage, turns and ideal power conservation. CircuitsCapacitor energy & RC timeStored energy and the first-order RC time constant.

Waves

Waves & sound

Wave speed, frequency, wavelength and motion-induced frequency shifts.

Wave basicsWave speedSpeed, frequency or wavelength from v = fλ. Wave shiftDoppler effectClassical sound and longitudinal relativistic light shift.

Modern physics

Quantum & nuclear physics

Quanta of light, matter waves and exponential radioactive decay.

Quantum lightPhoton energyWavelength, frequency and energy in joules and electronvolts. Nuclear physicsHalf-life & decayAmount, activity, elapsed time or half-life. Quantum matterde Broglie wavelengthMatter wavelength, particle mass, speed and momentum.

Chemistry

Chemistry & gases

Amount of substance, concentration and ideal-gas state variables.

GasesIdeal gas lawPressure, volume, amount and absolute temperature. ChemistryMoles & concentrationMass, molar mass, amount concentration and entity count.

Mathematics

Triangles & trigonometry

Right-triangle relationships for school maths and practical geometry.

GCSE mathsRight-triangle trigonometrySolve sides and an acute angle with SOHCAHTOA and Pythagoras.

Computing

Number systems

Exact conversion between the integer representations used in computing.

ComputingBinary & hexadecimalExact integer conversion between bases 2, 10 and 16.

The useful part is knowing the limits

Every answer comes with its assumptions.

These are calculation tools, not black boxes. Each page shows the equation, defines its symbols, states the sign convention or approximation, and explains when the result stops being trustworthy.

From the maker of Ans — a scientific calculator you can own. Same idea: a proper instrument, nothing in the way.