Science calculator

Rayleigh range.

Enter a Gaussian beam's waist radius and wavelength to find its Rayleigh range zR and confocal parameter 2zR.

Rayleigh range zRTEM₀₀
distance from waist to w = √2w₀
Confocal parameter 2zR
zR=πw02λ

Assumptions

  • Fundamental TEM₀₀ Gaussian beam with M² = 1.
  • Paraxial propagation in one homogeneous medium.
  • w₀ is the 1/e² intensity radius at the true beam waist.
  • Use the wavelength in the propagation medium; the model neglects apertures and aberrations.

How it works

The Rayleigh range sets the natural axial scale of a Gaussian focus. At one zR from the waist, the beam radius has grown to √2 times w₀.

A wider waist gives a much longer Rayleigh range because zR scales with w₀². A longer wavelength shortens it for the same waist.

The confocal parameter 2zR spans from −zR to +zR and is often used as a Gaussian-beam depth-of-focus measure. Display rounding does not reduce calculation precision.